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Map of the nuclear fuel chain

The reactor map shows where electricity is made. This one shows where the fuel comes from and where it goes: 47 mines, 10 conversion plants, 19 enrichment plants, 31 fuel fabrication plants, 4 reprocessing plants and the sites that store or dispose of spent fuel and waste. 123 of the 152 civilian facilities on record are operating, in 28 countries; the most are in United States (24), China (14), Kazakhstan (14).

Ahaus interim storage, Germany: Spent-fuel storage Akdala and South Inkai, Kazakhstan: Mines Alta Mesa, United States: Mines American Centrifuge Plant, Piketon, United States: HALEU Angarsk (Electrolysis Chemical Combine), Russia: Enrichment Asse II, Germany: Repositories (closed) BWXT TRISO facility, Gillette, United States: TRISO fuel (planned) Baotou (CBNF), China: Fuel fabrication Baotou (CNNFC), China: Fuel fabrication Beishan underground research laboratory, China: Repositories (construction) Budenovskoye 1, 3 & 4 (Akbastau), Kazakhstan: Mines Bátaapáti National Radioactive Waste Repository, Hungary: Repositories Caetité (Lagoa Real), Brazil: Mines Cameco Fuel Manufacturing, Port Hope, Canada: Fuel fabrication Canadian deep geological repository, Canada: Repositories (planned) Central Mining Directorate (Zarafshan), Uzbekistan: Mines Central Mynkuduk, Kazakhstan: Mines Central Spent Fuel Storage Facility, Ukraine: Spent-fuel storage Centre de l'Aube (CSA), France: Repositories Cigar Lake, Canada: Mines Cigéo, France: Repositories (planned) Clab central interim storage, Sweden: Spent-fuel storage Columbia Fuel Fabrication Facility, United States: Fuel fabrication Daejeon, South Korea: Fuel fabrication Dalur, Russia: Mines Diwopu (Jiuquan), China: Conversion El Cabril, Spain: Repositories Elektrostal (Elemash) reprocessed uranium conversion, Russia: Conversion Elektrostal (MSZ), Russia: Fuel fabrication Emeishan enrichment plant, China: Enrichment Ezeiza and Córdoba (Conuar), Argentina: Fuel fabrication Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant, Iran: Enrichment (uncertain) Forsmark spent fuel repository (KBS-3), Sweden: Repositories (construction) Four Mile, Australia: Mines Fuzhou, China: Mines Gadwal, Pakistan: Enrichment Georges Besse II, Tricastin, France: Enrichment Gorleben interim storage, Germany: Spent-fuel storage HABOG, Netherlands: Spent-fuel storage HI-STORE, Lea County, United States: Spent-fuel storage (cancelled) Hanzhong (Shaanxi) enrichment plant, China: Enrichment Hengyang conversion plant, China: Conversion Heping (Plant 814), China: Enrichment Honeymoon, Australia: Mines Husab, Namibia: Mines Idaho National Laboratory EBR-II downblending, United States: HALEU Ignalina dry storage, Lithuania: Spent-fuel storage Ingulska, Ukraine: Mines Inkai, sites 1-3, Kazakhstan: Mines Interim Storage Partners, Andrews County, United States: Spent-fuel storage (licensed) Irkol, Kazakhstan: Mines Isfahan Fuel Manufacturing Plant, Iran: Fuel fabrication (uncertain) Isfahan Uranium Conversion Facility, Iran: Conversion (uncertain) J-MOX, Rokkasho, Japan: Fuel fabrication (construction) Jaduguda mine and mill, India: Mines Juzbado, Spain: Fuel fabrication Kahuta (Khan Research Laboratories), Pakistan: Enrichment Kangson, North Korea: Enrichment Karatau (Budenovskoye 2), Kazakhstan: Mines Kharasan 2 (Baiken-U), Kazakhstan: Mines Khiagda, Russia: Mines Khorassan 1, Kazakhstan: Mines Konrad, Germany: Repositories (construction) Kumatori (NFI), Japan: Fuel fabrication Kurihama (GNF-J), Japan: Fuel fabrication La Hague, France: Reprocessing Langer Heinrich, Namibia: Mines Lanzhou conversion plant, China: Conversion Lanzhou enrichment plant, China: Enrichment Lingen (ANF), Germany: Fuel fabrication Lost Creek, United States: Mines Loviisa VLJ repository, Finland: Repositories Low Level Waste Repository, Drigg, United Kingdom: Repositories Malvési and Philippe Coste (Tricastin), France: Conversion Mayak, Ozersk, Russia: Reprocessing McArthur River / Key Lake, Canada: Mines Melox, Marcoule, France: Fuel fabrication Metropolis Works, United States: Conversion Mining Directorate No. 5 (Zafarabad), Uzbekistan: Mines Moab Khotsong, South Africa: Mines Moinkum and Tortkuduk (KATCO), Kazakhstan: Mines Morsleben (ERAM), Germany: Repositories (closed) Mutsu Recyclable Fuel Storage Center, Japan: Spent-fuel storage Natanz Fuel Enrichment Plant, Iran: Enrichment (uncertain) North and South Karamurun, Kazakhstan: Mines Northern Mining Directorate (Uchkuduk), Uzbekistan: Mines Novokostiantynivska, Ukraine: Mines Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant, Russia: Fuel fabrication Novouralsk (Urals Electrochemical Combine), Russia: Enrichment Nuclear Fuel Complex, Hyderabad, India: Fuel fabrication Nuclear Fuel Complex, Kota, India: Fuel fabrication Nuclear Fuel Services, Erwin, United States: HALEU Nördlich Lägern, Switzerland: Repositories (planned) Olkiluoto VLJ repository, Finland: Repositories Olympic Dam, Australia: Mines Onkalo, Finland: Repositories (construction) Paducah Laser Enrichment Facility, United States: Enrichment (planned) Pilcaniyeu, Argentina: Enrichment (not operating) Pitești, Romania: Fuel fabrication Port Hope Conversion Facility, Canada: Conversion Priargunsky, Russia: Mines Project IKE, Oak Ridge, United States: Enrichment (licensing) Ratehalli (Rare Materials Plant), India: Enrichment Resende, Brazil: Fuel fabrication Resende enrichment plant, Brazil: Enrichment Richland, United States: Fuel fabrication Rokkasho Enrichment Plant, Japan: Enrichment Rokkasho LLW Disposal Center, Japan: Repositories Rokkasho Reprocessing Plant, Japan: Reprocessing (construction) Romans-sur-Isère (FBFC), France: Fuel fabrication Ross Central Processing Plant, United States: Mines Rössing, Namibia: Mines SFR, Forsmark, Sweden: Repositories Savannah River Site HEU downblending, United States: HALEU Sellafield (Magnox reprocessing), United Kingdom: Reprocessing (closed) Sellafield MOX Plant, United Kingdom: Fuel fabrication (shut down) Seversk (Siberian Chemical Combine), Russia: Enrichment Shaoguan, China: Mines Siberian Chemical Combine, Seversk, Russia: Conversion Smith Ranch-Highland, United States: Mines Smolinska, Ukraine: Mines Somaïr (Arlit), Niger: Mines South Moinkum and Kanzhugan, Kazakhstan: Mines Southern Mining Directorate (Nurabad), Uzbekistan: Mines Springfields, United Kingdom: Fuel fabrication Springfields conversion line, United Kingdom: Conversion (shut down) TRISO-X Fuel Facility (TX-1), Oak Ridge, United States: TRISO fuel (construction) Tokai-Mura (Mitsubishi Nuclear Fuel), Japan: Fuel fabrication Tokai-Mura (NFI), Japan: Fuel fabrication Tongliao, China: Mines Toronto and Peterborough, Canada: Fuel fabrication Tricastin deconversion (W plant), France: Deconversion Tummalapalle, India: Mines Turamdih mine and mill, India: Mines Urenco Almelo, Netherlands: Enrichment Urenco Capenhurst, United Kingdom: Enrichment Urenco Capenhurst HALEU line, United Kingdom: HALEU (planned) Urenco ChemPlants, Capenhurst, United Kingdom: Deconversion Urenco Gronau, Germany: Enrichment Urenco USA, National Enrichment Facility, United States: Enrichment Ust-Kamenogorsk (ULBA), Kazakhstan: Fuel fabrication Västerås, Sweden: Fuel fabrication Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, United States: Repositories Western Mynkuduk (Appak), Kazakhstan: Mines White Mesa Mill, United States: Mines Willow Creek, United States: Mines Wilmington, United States: Fuel fabrication Wolsong LILW Disposal Center, Gyeongju, South Korea: Repositories Yeniseisky underground research laboratory, Krasnoyarsk, Russia: Repositories (construction) Yibin (CJNF), China: Fuel fabrication Yining, China: Mines Yongbyon enrichment plant, North Korea: Enrichment Yucca Mountain, United States: Repositories (closed) Zarechnoye, Kazakhstan: Mines Zelenogorsk (Electrochemical Plant), Russia: Enrichment Zheleznogorsk MOX plant, Russia: Fuel fabrication Zwilag central interim storage, Switzerland: Spent-fuel storage
Mines 47Conversion 10Enrichment 19Deconversion 2Fuel fabrication 31HALEU 5TRISO fuel 2Reprocessing 4Spent-fuel storage 10Repositories 21 filled: operatingring: planned, building, closed or uncertain

A filled circle is an operating facility; a ring is one that is planned, being built, closed or of uncertain status. The map draws every one of the 151 civilian facilities that has a recorded position (1 without a position is left off). 6 further sites that serve weapons programmes, or whose use is unclear, are hidden unless you tick the box above the map; they are kept out of the stage totals on purpose, because a military enrichment plant is not part of the commercial supply. Positions are for the site, not the building, and capacities are the figures each source states for the year shown; mining capacity and output are not the same thing, so check the facility page before comparing two circles. For who controls each stage, see the fuel chain; for the reactors these plants feed, see the reactor map.

Sources

How these sources are used, including the corrections applied on top of them and what is deliberately left blank · download the underlying data

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Searches every page: 1,823 reactors, 592 plants, 158 fuel chain facilities, companies, designs, accidents and notes.