Pakistan
never joined NPT civil nuclear programme
Estimated total
170
warheads · 2026-01
Pakistan is estimated to hold 170 nuclear warheads, about 1% of the world total, of which roughly 170 are in its military stockpile. All figures are open-source estimates as of 2026-01.
Pakistan's programme is built primarily on uranium enrichment rather than plutonium, and tested within weeks of India's 1998 tests. The A.Q. Khan network, which exported centrifuge technology from Pakistan to Libya, Iran and North Korea, is the most serious proliferation breach on record and is why enrichment technology is controlled as tightly as it is.
Estimated inventory · 2026-01
| Deployed strategic | none deployed |
|---|---|
| Deployed non-strategic | none reported |
| Reserve / non-deployed | 170 |
| Military stockpile | 170 |
| Total inventory | 170 incl. retired |
| Share of world total | 1.4% |
Programme
| First test | 1998-05-28 |
|---|---|
| NPT status | never joined NPT |
| Publicly declared | Yes |
| Fissile material route | Primarily highly enriched uranium |
| Civil programme | Reactors in Pakistan |
Other armed states
| Country | Estimated total |
|---|---|
| Russia | 5,420 |
| United States | 5,042 |
| China | 620 |
| France | 370 |
| United Kingdom | 225 |
| India | 190 |
| Israel | 90 |
| North Korea | 60 |